10. Week Reading book

CHAPTER XII

"Might I Have A Bit Of Earth?"

1. When Mary came back at home, her dinner was waiting on the table and Martha was waiting near it, Martha asked Where was she and Mary told her that she had known Dickon and he was a beautiful boy. 

2. Martha advises Mary about where she can plant the seeds in the garden. Mary doesn’t tell anything about the secret garden. Martha believes that Ben can help her. When Mary finished your dinner faster as she could and she was going to run out again. But Martha said that Mr. Craven came back and he wants to see her. In this moment, Mrs. Medlock came. 

3. When Mrs. Medlock came she said Martha that she help Mary to dress and hair brushed her because Mr. Craven wants to see her. And they walked through corridor until Mr. Craven's study where he was. Mrs. Medlock knocked at a door and Mr. Craven said "Come in". 

4. Mary meets Mr. Medlock, he don't have hunchback rather his face would have been handsome. He spoke with her very friendly and he was worried because she didn’t have a nurse and a governess yet. But Mary said him that she didn't want anybody yet because she wanted to play in the garden and discover different things than India. 

5. Mr. Craven was talking about Martha’s mother as governess of Mary because she has experience about children and she is a lovely woman. Mary was very much happy. 

6. Mr. Craven asked Mary “Do you want toys, books, dolls? And she answered quavered, “Might I have a bit of earth?” because she liked the garden and she don’t do any harm. He said “you can have as much earth as you want”. Mr. Craven was determinate to do everything that Mary wanted. “Take it, child, and make it come alive”, he said her. 

7. Mr. Craven touched the bell to call Mrs. Medlock and say “Good-bye” Mary. He explained to Mrs. Medlock about Martha’s mother, named Mrs. Sowerby and that she should be to care Mary before the governess. Mr. Craven said that Mary should have liberty in the garden. Mrs. Medlock looked pleased with the new instructions. 

8. Mary came back to room where Martha was waiting for her and she told her that she could have her own garden and she may have it where she likes and she is not going to have a governess for a long time and that Martha’s mother was coming to see her and she could go to her cottage. These was promises of Mr. Craven. 

9. Mary thought about Mr. Craven because he seemed unhappy, he also was ill and his face was so miserable, but she thought that he was a good man. 

10. Mary ran as quickly as she could to garden, she knew that Dickon had to go early because he have five-mile walk. But when she arrived he was not there. The gardening tools were laid together under a tree. The secret garden was empty, except for robin that was there. She found the letter that she had printed for Martha to send to Dickon. In the same letter Dickon had printed “I will cum bak”.

CHAPTER XIII

"I Am Colin"

10. Week Reading Blog

Before the World Cup, Brazilians Are Trying to Learn English

Image: Peter Batty

Autor, A.A  Rose Eveleth - Coll Finds, South America (November 12, 2013 2:23pm)

Name of the Article: Before the World Cup, Brazilians Are Trying to Learn English

Name of Magazine: Smithsonian (http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/smartnews/2013/11/before-the-world-cup-brazilians-are-trying-to-learn-english/)

Between two Brazilians in Brazil

9. Week. Reading Book

CHAPTER XI

The Nest Of The Missel Thrush

1. Mary and Dickon found life in the garden, they went from tree to tree and from bush to bush looking for thing green and they found a bit greenish alive. 

2. They found crocuses and snowdrops and narcissuses. They were happily discovery new things in the garden and enjoying the smell of good clean earth and smell fresh earth. 

3. Mary  requested to Dickon if he could come again and help her to work in the garden, and Dickon said that he could help her and teach her how to talk to the robin the same as he do. 

4. They wouldn’t wanted to make it look a tidy garden like a gardener’s garden because it wouldn't seemed like a secret garden so they would work in it by themselves without help anybody. 

5. Mary just remembered about Basil who told her “Mistress Mary Quite Contrary”. Now, she doesn’t felt as before and Dickon helped her for she could feel different. 

6. Dickon always was friendly with Mary and she said him that he was the fifth person that she had liked, because she also liked Martha, Mother’s Marta, Robin and Ben. 

7. They was having a good time and they began to work harder than ever in the garden and more joyfully. 

8. Mary heard the big clock in the courtyard the hour of her midday dinner and she asked Dickon if he also had to go.  Dickon had brought your lunch; he brought two thick pieces of bread with a slice of something laid between them. 

9. Mary thought it looked a queer dinner, but he seemed ready to enjoy it, but she should come back home and Mary could scarcely bear to leave him. He seemed too good to be true. 

10. When Mary was going, she stopped, went back and she asked Dickon “Whatever happens, you—you never would tell? And Dickon explained that how the birds showed him where their nests were, that he could keep big secrets. And she was quite sure she was.

9. Week. Reading Blog

What Is Global Warming?

The Planet Is Heating Up—and Fast

Photograph by Paul Nicklen

Autor, A.A National Geographic

Name of the Article: What Is Global Warming?
Name of Magazine: National Geographic (http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-overview)

Hello, My name is Minina. What Is Global Warming? The Planet Is Heating Up—and Fast. Humans have caused most warming by releasing heat-trapping as power modern lives. Called "greenhouse gases". Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are drying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. Why is this a concern? Because it is changing the climate faster than some living things may be able to adapt. If it is an unpredictable climate poses unique challenges to all life. Earth’s ice sheets, such as Greenland and Antarctica are starting to melt too and potentially raising sea levels.

8. Week. Reading Book

CHAPTER X

Dickon

1. Mary called to the garden "The secret Garden" because she liked the feeling when she was inside and the beautiful old walls hidden her and no one knew where she was.

2. During that week, she become more intimate with Ben Weatherstaff, but she was afraid that he would pick up his tools and go away if he saw her coming, so she always walked towards him and he was flattered by her evident desire for his elderly company. 

3. Mary was more civil than she had been. She spoke with Ben and He very seldom talked much and sometimes did not even answer Mary’s question except by a grunt, but one morning he said more than usual. The Robin was with them. 

4. Ben Weatherstaff gave advice to Mary about the gardens until Ben was got angry with her because he had ever talked a lot and Mary had done a lot of questions. Mary liked Ben in spite of his crossness. 

5. Mary was skipping in the garden and found a boy that was sitting under a tree, playing on a rough wooden pipe and surrounded a brown squirrel, a cock pheasant and two rabbits. 
   

6. Dickon was friendly her and did not speak to her as if they had never seen each other before as he knew her quite well. He had come to give her garden tools to Mary and he showed her the tools and seeds. The robin also was here. 

7. Dickon asked Mary about where was the garden, and she did not know what to answer and she asked Dickon about if he could keep a secret because she had one and Dickon answered “I can keep secrets”. 

8. Mary said him all about the garden, that had stolen a garden because nobody wanted it and nobody cared for it and nobody had ever gone into it for long time. 

9. Dickon asked Mary “Where is the garden?” and Mary answered “Come with me and I’ll show you” and she led him round the laurel path and to the walk where the ivy grew and Dickon followed her. 

10. He was amazed while Mary walked to wall where the ivy grew in it, and there was a door under ivy and Mary pushed it slowly and opened it and they passed in together and she said “It’s a secret garden, and I’m the only one in the world who wants it to be alive” and Dickon looked round and round it and seemed him a queer, pretty place, “It’s like as if a body was in a dream” he said.

8. Week. Reading Blog

Dogs Are People Too

Jane Evelyn Atwood/Contact Press Images

Autor, A.A Gregory Berns (October 5, 2013) - Opinion

Name of the Article: Dogs Are People Too.

Name of Magazine: New York Times (http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/06/opinion/sunday/dogs-are-people-too.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all&) 

A week later, Pilar and Kathy meet again. They are with their dogs again
Pilar	Good morning, Kathy, How are you?
Kathy	Fine Pilar, Good morning!
Pilar	It’s cold today but it was necessary to walk with Kevin
Kathy	Yes, I know, I am walking to Ralphi also.
Pilar	I was thinking about last our conversation last week about dogs. You told me that we could continue talking about the New York Times article. What is the article’s name?
Kathy	The name is “Dogs Are People Too, by Bern, who I talked you aboutlast week.
Pilar	I would like to know more about this. Can you talk to me about this?
Kathy	Yes, I can. This scientist wrote a controversial article, and he says that the dogs should have the same rights as humans
Pilar	Did he find proofs in his experiments with M.R.I.?
Kathy	Yes, he did.
Pilar	How many dogs did he study to have this big deduction?
Kathy	He worked with dozens and dozens of volunteer dogs for about two years.
Pilar	What does “volunteer dogs” means?
Kathy	It means that the dogs can choose whether they want to do the test, because Bern is conscious that the dogs feel the same as humans.
Pilar	Why does he say that the dogs feel the same as us? Is difficult to say this because you can’t ask a dog why he does something and you can’t ask him how he feels.
Kathy	Yes this is true, all about animal sentience and emotions had been unanswerable until now, thanks the M.R.I s can tell us about dog’s internal states when the dogs are in their  natural state without an anesthetized animal and this is possible because the dogs are trying to keep absolutely still themselves during the procedure. From the beginning, the scientists treated the dogs as people. They had a consent form, which was modeled after a child’s consent form but signed by the dog’s owner. Then they emphasized that participation was voluntary, and that the dog had the right to quit the study. They used only positive training methods. No sedation. No restraints. If the dogs didn’t want to be in the M.R.I scanner, they could leave. Same as any human volunteer.
Pilar	I think that this is correct, because they also feel; I can to see with my dog Kevin. But tell me more about the results of this study.
Kathy	After months of training and some trial-and-error at the real M.R.I. scanner, they had the first maps of brain activity, and determined which parts of her brain distinguished the scents of familiar and unfamiliar dogs and humans. They are just beginning to answer basic questions about the canine brain; they cannot ignore the striking similarity between dogs and humans in both the structure and function of a key brain region: the caudate nucleus.
Pilar	What does “the caudate nucleus” means?
Kathy	Those are rich in dopamine receptors, the caudate sits between the brainstem and the cortex. In humans, the caudate plays a key role in the anticipation of things we enjoy, like food, love and money. In dogs, they found that activity in the caudate increased in response to hand signals indicating food. The caudate also activated the smells familiar humans. And in preliminary tests, it activated to the return of an owner who had momentarily stepped out of view.
Pilar	Do these findings prove that dogs love us?
Kathy	Not quite. But many of the same things that activate the human caudate, which are associated with positive emotions, also activate the dog caudate. The ability to experience positive emotions, like love and attachment, would mean that dogs have a level of sentience comparable to that of a human child. And this ability suggests a rethinking of how we treat dogs.
Pilar	I agree!, because dogs have long been considered property. Thought the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 solidified the view that animals are thing. Now, by using the M.R.I. we can no longer hide from the evidence!
Kathy	It’s true!, Dogs, and probably many other animals (especially our closest primate relatives), seem to have emotions just like us.
Pilar	If we went a step further and granted dogs rights of personhood, they would be afforded additional protection against exploitation. Puppy mills, laboratory dog racing would be banned for violating the basic right of self-determination of a person.
Kathy	They suspect that society is many years away from considering dogs as persons. Perhaps someday we may see a case arguing for a dog’s rights based on brain-imaging findings.
Pilar	Now, we can start caring for our dogs and all animals, because we cannot demonstrate scientifically why they love us, but we can feel their unconditional love for us.
Kathy	That’s right! We can defend their rights how innocent creatures and sensitize to all people that their care and love.
Pilar	Kathy it’s late for me.
Kathy	For me too, see you the next week. And don’t forget to care your dog!
Pilar	Sure! See you the next week

Revised and corrected

7. Week. Reading Book

CHAPTER IX

The Strangest House Anyone Ever Lived In

1. Mary found into the garden that all the ground was covered with grass and out of it had grown bushes. All seemed as if the garden were alive. She was inside the wonderful garden and she thought that that place could be a world all her own, her secret place.

2. The robin was with Mary all the time and she came in and after she had walked about for a while she thought she would skip-rope around the whole garden, stopping when she wanted to look at things. 

3. Mary bent in the ground and could see how tiny growing things as snowdrops or daffodils. And she thought that it was not quite a dead garden. She liked it very much. 

4. Mary started to clean the garden with a sharp piece of wood and knelt down to cut out the weeds and grass. She worked about two or three hours while the robin watched her, he was tremendously busy. Mary threw her coat off and then her hat to work better because she felt heat. 

5. Mary came back home and she said that she shall come back this afternoon, she talked looking all round at her new kingdom and speaking to the trees the rose-bushes as if they understood her. 

6. When Mary arrived at home, Martha was waiting for her with a delicious dinner, and Mary ate such a dinner that Martha was surprised. Martha believes that this is because Mary's skipping-rope. 

7. Mary asks Martha about plants that grow in the garden and Martha speaks about Dickon and how Dickon knows all about the plants and better seeds that grow in this garden. Mary wants to keep her secret kingdom. 

8. Mary wants tools for her garden and she asks Martha where she could to have ones. Martha said that she could write a letter to Dickon and ask him if he could buy seeds and tools for gardening. And Mary wrote a letter to Dickon, this was the first time that Mary communicates with Dickon. 

9. Mary will meet with Dickon as she wants and Martha wants to take Mary at her home and that she could meet with Martha's mother and walk over to their cottage some day and have a bit of Mother's hot oat cake and butter, and a glass of milk. 

10. When Martha was going from Mary's room, she asked to Martha about the crying again in the corridor that she heard this same day. Martha said that this is the wind, but Mary thought "It's the strangest house any one ever lived in" and she was tired because she had had a lot of activities this day and she fell asleep.

Revised and corrected

7. Week. Reading Blog

What fMRI Can Tell Us About the Thoughts and Minds of Dogs

  

Autor, A.A Joseph Stromberg — Biology,Mammals,Psychology (November 1, 2013)

Name of the Article: What fMRI Can Tell Us About the Thoughts and Minds of Dogs

Name of Magazine: Smithsonian (http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2013/11/what-fmri-can-tell-us-about-the-thoughts-and-minds-of-dogs/)

 

Pilar and Kathy are friends, are meeting in the park as every week. But now, they are walking their dogs.
Kathy	Hello Pilar, How are you? Is beautiful your dog!!! What’s its name?
Pilar	Hi Kathy, fine! And you? Its name is Kevin, Is beautiful your dog too, What’s its name?
Kathy	Its name is Ralphi, I love him so much because he knows all my life and he feels the same as I.
Pilar	Really! Kevin is the same as Ralphi, they understand of all animal life and human life too. Their brain is a mysterious.
Kathy	Is true! But now is less mysterious, because neuroscientist Gregory Berns who studied the human mind using fMRI technology and who sought to find correlations between people’s internal mental patterns and their real-world behaviors, decisions and preferences, now is studying about the thoughts and minds of dogs.
Pilar	Really? I cant believe!
Kathy	You must to believe! You can see the article in Smithsonian published on November 1, 2013.
Pilar	It’s wonderful!. Do you can talk more about it?  What does “fMRI” means?
Kathy	Yes, I do. fMRI means Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI). Berns loves the animals and when his dog died, named Newton, he thought about study dogs. He had published the book “How Dogs Love Us” last week and he said: “It got me  wondering about how dogs view their relationship with us—if he had loved me the same way I had loved him.” This was a formidable challenge for Berns because for looking inside the canine brain and getting an accurate fMRI reading means that the subject has to stay almost perfectly still.
Pilar	Wuau! How was possible to do it? Did they use anesthesia for the dog stays still?  I don't like the experiments with animals! Do you believe that this is abuse?
Kathy	Yes, I do. In this case they don’t use anesthesia because this would ruin the experiments, producing an image of an unconscious or anxious dog instead of a comfortable, alert one, besides, Berns loves the animals, he thinks that they have the same rights as us.
Pilar	Then, How did he do?
Kathy	To solve the problem, Berns recruited dogs from the local community, stanting with a dog he adopted after Newton died and he gradually trained them to follow a series of steps into a table, rest their head on a pad inside the fMRI's inner tunnel and sit still for 30 seconds, so that scientist can scan his brain, besides, removing all noise that could disturb the dogs. You can see this picture in my smartphone. They have successfully trained about a dozen dogs to voluntarily for to be studied.
Pilar	And What did they find?
Kathy	Now the studies are preliminary but they're finding that its activity mirrors that of the human brain to a much greater than expected. They found unexpected findings, experimenting with dogs sited in the scanner and exposed to smells of humans (from either their owners or strangers) and other dogs. Berns says "We wanted to understand how dogs recognize other people and dogs in their households,” they saw increased activity in the caudate, but only as result of one of the scents. “In this case, the reward system only seems to activate in response to the smell of a familiar human, which is pretty amazing,” he says. For Berns these results, in some ways, say that the mental processes of dogs, don't could to be as different from those of humans, because the mental activity represents emotion, and even constitute love. Berns believes that the dogs are experiencing emotions something like we do.
Pilar	What does it mean? Do you say that the human brain and canine brain aren't radically different as we might have imagined?
Kathy	Yes, I do. Berns admits that the idea is controversial.  Besides, because dog brains are much smaller, however some of the core areas around the brainstem, which the caudate nucleus, look very much like those in humans, besides Berns says that the Dogs not have the hardware necessary for complex thoughts and higher-level reasoning, but they do have the relevant structures for basic emotions. This could to be for an evolution different, he says.
Pilar	I believe that Berns have a lot of criticisms, because some say that the dogs are based on the desire for food.
Kathy	Is true!, Berns have a lot of criticisms, but he hopes to respond with future fMRI work. Besides he has gone beyond, because he believes that if the animals are capable of have emotions as the humans, they should not be treated as objects, or property, instead be give some of the rights, namely a respect for their preference and well-being and consequently the abolition of thing like puppy mills and dog racing.
Pilar	Surprising! This is really provocative for many
Kathy	This is a long way to go, both in terms of scientific evidence and policy changes. Berns published this month in New York Times a provocative headline "Dogs Are People, Too".
Pilar	Really provocative. Do you talk me about it?
Kathy	I would like, but it’s late for me.
Pilar	Ok, but we can meet the next week and continue talking about this new article.
Kathy	Ok, see you next week.
Pilar	Good bye